喷氢策略对射流点火天然气发动机燃烧特性的影响

    Effects of Hydrogen Injection Strategies on Combustion Characteristics in a Jet-Ignition Natural Gas Engine

    • 摘要: 为改善大缸径天然气发动机在稀薄燃烧条件下的着火困难、火焰传播速度慢及易发生爆震等问题,基于计算流体力学方法研究氢气辅助湍流射流点火技术对有效实现可靠点火,及显著加快火焰传播速度的影响。在固定氢气能量比为9%条件下,系统研究了单次与二次喷射策略对射流特性及燃烧性能的影响,其中喷射开始时刻设为活塞压缩上止点前(before top dead center, BTDC)330°曲轴转角时刻(记为330°BTDC,依此类推)和90°BTDC。研究结果表明:射流点火过程中两个腔室的压差呈现先增加后降低的规律。单次早喷(330°BTDC)策略的射流火焰表现出的速度和温度特性最高。二次喷氢的点火在喷孔处出现淬熄,以射流点火机制为主,射流火焰出现“火包氢”现象,并随火焰发展出现富氢燃烧和稀薄燃烧的燃烧分层现象。与原机相比二次喷射策略可将指示热效率提升至44.02%。随着90°BTDC晚喷入氢气的质量增加,被直接排入主燃烧室参与燃烧的未燃氢气质量增加,射流点火的持续期被延长,指示热效率相近时NOx比排放降低了24.26%。

       

      Abstract: To alleviate the challenges of ignition difficulty, slow flame propagation, and knock tendency in large-bore natural gas engines operating under lean-burn conditions, the effects of hydrogen-assisted turbulent jet ignition on reliable ignition and significantly acceleration of flame development were studied by computational fluid dynamics. The effects of single-injection strategies and double-injection strategies on jet characteristics and combustion performance were investigated at a fixed hydrogen energy fraction of 9%, with injection timings set at 330° and 90° crankshaft angle before top dead center (BTDC) of the pison compression stroke. The results show that the pressure difference between the pre-chamber and the main chamber increases initially and then decreases during the jet-ignition process. The single early-injection strategy exhibits the highest jet-flame velocity and temperature. Under the double-injection strategy, local flame quenching occurs near the orifices, and ignition is governed by the jet-flame mechanism. The jet flame develops a hydrogen-wrapped structure and exhibits combustion stratification characterized by locally fuel-rich zones and globally lean-burn regions. Compared with the baseline engine, the double-injection strategy increases the indicated thermal efficiency to 44.02%. As the mass of hydrogen introduced during the late injection (90° BTDC) increases, more unburned hydrogen is transported directly into the main chamber for combustion, resulting in an extended jet-ignition duration. At similar indicated thermal efficiency, the NOx specific emissions decrease by 24.26%.

       

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